PM 2.5 is back! How oxidative stress causes skin problems and how to prevent it

Many would have heard of PM 2.5, the fine particles in the air that cause air pollution. Awareness has been widely raised on the effects of PM 2.5 on our health, such as PM 2.5’s irritation on the respiratory tract. However, that is not all PM 2.5 does to us. It harms our skin barrier too, but how? Before moving on to how, it is important to know what is oxidative stress.

What are oxidative stress and ROS?

Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals and antioxidants in the body are imbalanced. Many types of free radicals exist, but this article will mainly focus on Reactive oxygen species (ROS). Research shows that PM 2.5 may penetrate the skin and increase ROS production. As ROS rapidly increases, the body is unable to produce sufficient antioxidants, causing an imbalance in the body. Thus, PM 2.5 induces oxidative stress.

What does oxidative stress do to skin cells & the body?

Cells’ organelles and chemical molecules in the body are destroyed by oxidative stress. This includes the Endoplasmic Reticulum (protein production organelle), Mitochondria (cell powerhouse), and Lysosomes (enzyme-containing organelle). These damages imposed on cell components result in skin cell damage, leading to skin cell death (keratinocyte apoptosis).

The effect of oxidative stress on the skin

A prolonged state of oxidation stress and an increase in skin cell death accelerates the skin’s aging process. The loss of collagen and elastin fibers results in fine wrinkles, sagging, and texture changes. Dark spots and discoloration on the skin can be triggered as well.

Furthermore, PM 2.5 is made up of steam and dust, mixed with chemicals such as Nitrogen oxide, Sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Since these chemicals are skin irritants, short-term exposure would cause skin acne and allergy.

3 easy ways to prevent oxidative stress from building up

1. Consume antioxidant-rich foods

Increasing antioxidant molecules in the body will balance the free radicals, minimizing oxidative stress production. A plant-based diet is a way to go. Consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains which are rich in antioxidants will definitely improve skin radiance and health.

2. Don’t forget to clean your skin every day

After a long day, PM 2.5 particles on the skin can cause irritations. Using soap and cleansing the skin thoroughly daily will remove dirt and pollutants.

3. Get more sleep

Skin cells repair themselves during sleep. Getting an adequate sleep of 6-8 hours helps to reduce oxidative stress. Furthermore, the skin makes new collagen while sleeping, which helps to prevent sagging, leaving one with plump skin.